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is one of the most common human class I alleles worldwide. An increased frequency of HLA-A*1101 has been observed in cohorts of female sex workers from Northern Thailand who are highly exposed to HIV-1 and yet have remained persistently seronegative. In view of this apparent association of HLA-A*1101 with resistance to acquisition of HIV-1 infection, and given the importance of eliciting strong CTL responses to control and eliminate HIV-1, we have determined the crystal structure of HLA-A*1101 complexed with two immunodominant HIV-1 CTL epitopes: the nonamer reverse transcriptase(313-321) (AIFQSSMTK) and decamer Nef(73-82) (QVPLRPMTYK) peptides. The structures confirm the presence of primary anchor residues P2-Ile/-Val and P9-/P10-Lys, and also clearly reveal the presence of secondary anchor residues P6-Ser for reverse transcriptase and P7-Met for Nef. The overall backbone conformation of both peptides is defined as two bulges that are separated by a more buried middle residue. In this study, we discuss how this topology may offer functional advantages in the selection and presentation of HIV-1 CTL epitopes by HLA-A*1101. Overall, this structural analysis permits a more accurate definition of the peptide-binding motif of HLA-A*1101, the characterization of its antigenic surface, and the correlation of molecular determinants with resistance to HIV-1 infection. These studies are relevant for the rational design of HLA-A*1101-restricted CTL epitopes with improved binding and immunological properties for the development of HIV-1 vaccines.","bibjson":{"author":[{"initials":"L","lastname":"Li","name":"Li L"},{"initials":"M","lastname":"Bouvier","name":"Bouvier M"}],"identifier":[{"id":"10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6175","type":"doi"},{"id":"15128805","type":"pubmed"}],"issue":["10"],"journal":{"iso_abbreviation":"J. Immunol.","name":""},"pages":["6175-84"],"title":"Structures of HLA-A*1101 complexed with immunodominant nonamer and decamer HIV-1 epitopes clearly reveal the presence of a middle, secondary anchor residue.","type":"article","url":"http://www.jimmunol.org/lookup/doi/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6175","volume":["172"],"year":[2004]},"in_pmc":"N","in_pmce":"N","open_access":"N"},"resolution":"2.40","same_as":{"pdbe":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/1q94"},"rcsb":{"url":"https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1q94"}},"species":{"common_name":"Human","match_type":"histo:assign_species","scientific_name":"Homo sapiens","slug":"homo_sapiens"},"tcr":null,"title":"HLA-A*11:01 binding \"AIFQSSMTK\" at 2.40Å resolution","unique_chain_count":3}}