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cells often alloreact with foreign human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Here we showed the LC13 T cell receptor (TCR), selected for recognition on self-HLA-B( *)0801 bound to a viral peptide, alloreacts with B44 allotypes (HLA-B( *)4402 and HLA-B( *)4405) bound to two different allopeptides. Despite extensive polymorphism between HLA-B( *)0801, HLA-B( *)4402, and HLA-B( *)4405 and the disparate sequences of the viral and allopeptides, the LC13 TCR engaged these peptide-HLA (pHLA) complexes identically, accommodating mimicry of the viral peptide by the allopeptide. The viral and allopeptides adopted similar conformations only after TCR ligation, revealing an induced-fit mechanism of molecular mimicry. The LC13 T cells did not alloreact against HLA-B( *)4403, and the single residue polymorphism between HLA-B( *)4402 and HLA-B( *)4403 affected the plasticity of the allopeptide, revealing that molecular mimicry was associated with TCR specificity. Accordingly, molecular mimicry that is HLA and peptide dependent is a mechanism for human T cell alloreactivity between disparate cognate and allogeneic pHLA complexes.","bibjson":{"author":[{"initials":"WA","lastname":"Macdonald","name":"Macdonald WA"},{"initials":"Z","lastname":"Chen","name":"Chen Z"},{"initials":"S","lastname":"Gras","name":"Gras S"},{"initials":"JK","lastname":"Archbold","name":"Archbold JK"},{"initials":"FE","lastname":"Tynan","name":"Tynan FE"},{"initials":"CS","lastname":"Clements","name":"Clements CS"},{"initials":"M","lastname":"Bharadwaj","name":"Bharadwaj M"},{"initials":"L","lastname":"Kjer-Nielsen","name":"Kjer-Nielsen L"},{"initials":"PM","lastname":"Saunders","name":"Saunders PM"},{"initials":"MC","lastname":"Wilce","name":"Wilce MC"},{"initials":"F","lastname":"Crawford","name":"Crawford F"},{"initials":"B","lastname":"Stadinsky","name":"Stadinsky B"},{"initials":"D","lastname":"Jackson","name":"Jackson D"},{"initials":"AG","lastname":"Brooks","name":"Brooks AG"},{"initials":"AW","lastname":"Purcell","name":"Purcell AW"},{"initials":"JW","lastname":"Kappler","name":"Kappler JW"},{"initials":"SR","lastname":"Burrows","name":"Burrows SR"},{"initials":"J","lastname":"Rossjohn","name":"Rossjohn J"},{"initials":"J","lastname":"McCluskey","name":"McCluskey J"}],"identifier":[{"id":"10.1016/j.immuni.2009.09.025","type":"doi"},{"id":"20064448","type":"pubmed"}],"issue":["6"],"journal":{"iso_abbreviation":"Immunity","name":""},"pages":["897-908"],"title":"T cell allorecognition via molecular mimicry.","type":"article","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S107476130900510X","volume":["31"],"year":[2009]},"in_pmc":"N","in_pmce":"N","open_access":"N"},"resolution":"2.60","same_as":{"pdbe":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/3kpr"},"rcsb":{"url":"https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3kpr"},"stcrdab":{"url":"http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/stcrdab/StrViewer?pdb=3kpr"}},"species":{"common_name":"Human","match_type":"histo:assign_species","scientific_name":"Homo sapiens","slug":"homo_sapiens"},"tcr":{"alpha":{"chains":["D"],"subgroup":"TRAV26"},"beta":{"chains":["E"],"subgroup":"TRBV7"},"mhc_type":"class_i","pdb_code":"3kpr"},"title":"HLA-B*44:05 presenting \"EEYLKAWTF\" to Alpha/Beta T cell receptor at 2.60Å resolution","unique_chain_count":5}}